回复: 消費者報告》蛋白粉和蛋白奶昔含有超標含量的鉛
太感恩布萊克老師分享的影片啦!我小認真觀看了。
這部影片對HIIT和Zone 2解釋得蠻清楚的,特別在第12分鐘。單車界達人能做到「我的zone 2是你的zone 5」,讓人佩服。
流暢哥在11分鐘起始,講在比賽日間隔期加入HIIT、減少賽后疲勞感,是很好的知識。相反,假如加入zone 2且過度疲勞的話,反而影響比賽日表現。
張先生講得非常清楚,強化了我小以前似懂非懂的運動知識。在初中時,我學到了腳踝沙包、桌椅邊放個啞鈴的習慣。如今,沙包的訓練習慣我已經還給教官了(不應該的)。不過,我還有在電腦桌邊放個大啞鈴來練一練的習慣。看來,堅持這種碎片化的訓練比我想像的重要。
關於zone 2訓練能改良粒線體健康,潛在肯定是可以,前提則是粒線體需要得到充分的營養。醫師此前也推薦我做zone 2慢跑和游泳。不過呢,開始時我僅訓練一小時,就會疲憊到需要請假休息一天的程度。後來,我結合了whole foods、充分睡眠、尤其是補充Q10泛醇(ubiquinol CoQ10),於是粒線體健康才有較大改善。
張先生這裡教的把訓練控制在zone 2的三種方法蠻受用的。有時如果不小心,跑到zone 3, zone 4去了,很快就力竭、需要休息。那樣就沒有起到鍛煉粒線體的效果。
- 北投流暢哥、農經金正恩:《練慢跑打球會變強是哪招?HIIT不是亂衝!5種模式對應不同效果,找到最適合你的訓練》youtu.be/sz7ztZR-Glk
這部影片對HIIT和Zone 2解釋得蠻清楚的,特別在第12分鐘。單車界達人能做到「我的zone 2是你的zone 5」,讓人佩服。
流暢哥在11分鐘起始,講在比賽日間隔期加入HIIT、減少賽后疲勞感,是很好的知識。相反,假如加入zone 2且過度疲勞的話,反而影響比賽日表現。
- 張修修、宋晏仁醫師:《Zone 2 訓練怎麼做?你身上最重要的2個指標、減肥的熱量迷思》youtu.be/KurzStE46vk
張先生講得非常清楚,強化了我小以前似懂非懂的運動知識。在初中時,我學到了腳踝沙包、桌椅邊放個啞鈴的習慣。如今,沙包的訓練習慣我已經還給教官了(不應該的)。不過,我還有在電腦桌邊放個大啞鈴來練一練的習慣。看來,堅持這種碎片化的訓練比我想像的重要。
關於zone 2訓練能改良粒線體健康,潛在肯定是可以,前提則是粒線體需要得到充分的營養。醫師此前也推薦我做zone 2慢跑和游泳。不過呢,開始時我僅訓練一小時,就會疲憊到需要請假休息一天的程度。後來,我結合了whole foods、充分睡眠、尤其是補充Q10泛醇(ubiquinol CoQ10),於是粒線體健康才有較大改善。
- 張修修:《一次弄懂 Zone 2 訓練、低心率、超慢跑,讓你提高燃脂效率又長壽》youtu.be/yC5Hgm5tJ0U
張先生這裡教的把訓練控制在zone 2的三種方法蠻受用的。有時如果不小心,跑到zone 3, zone 4去了,很快就力竭、需要休息。那樣就沒有起到鍛煉粒線體的效果。
回复: CNN合訂本:過去的疫苗災難表明,現在倉促推出新冠病毒疫苗是「極其愚蠢的」
原文中沒發出來的兩章英文,我這裡補上:
FDA signals vaccine could green light early
Their concern that the FDA may be moving too quickly heightened when FDA Commissioner Dr. Steven Hahn told the Financial Times that his agency could consider an emergency use authorization (EUA) for a Covid-19 vaccine before late stage clinical trials are complete if the data show strong enough evidence it would protect people.
The commissioner has the authority to allow unapproved medical products to be used in an emergency when there are no adequate or approved alternatives. An EUA is not the same as full approval and it can be withdrawn.
That’s what happened with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. The FDA granted an EUA to the drugs – much praised by President Donald Trump – on March 28. It subsequently revoked its EUA in June after studies showed they were not effective and could also potentially cause serious heart problems.
//
Growing distrust in the US
It took several incidents for people to start distrusting vaccines. Even after thousands of kids got sick from the first polio vaccine in 1955, when the program restarted, parents made sure their children got vaccinated. They had clear memories of epidemics that paralyzed between 13,000 and 20,000 children every year. Some were so profoundly paralyzed that they could not even breathe easily on their own, and relied on machines called iron lungs to help them breathe.
“Parents were pushing their kids to get to the head of the line to get the polio vaccine, because they had seen epidemics every summer for years, and saw kids in iron lungs and they were terrified,” Markel said.
Markel said people’s attitudes started to change between 1955 and the problematic 1976 swine flu vaccination project.
“You’ve got civil rights, when people see the cops beating the hell out of people on TV. You’ve got the Vietnam War where people start to get disgusted with the killing. You’ve got Watergate when the president is literally lying through his teeth,” Markel said. “That led to a real distrust of authorities and federal government, and it extended to doctors and scientists. And, that’s only progressed as time
主题: CNN合訂本:過去的疫苗災難表明,現在倉促推出新冠病毒疫苗是「極其愚蠢的」
原文標題:Past vaccine disasters show why rushing a coronavirus vaccine now would be ‘colossally stupid’
原文鏈接:https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/01/health/eua-coronavirus-vaccine-history/index.html
By Jen Christensen, CNN
珍‧克里斯滕森,CNN
Updated 11:34 AM EDT, Tue September 1, 2020
(CNN) — Vaccine experts are warning the federal government against rushing out a coronavirus vaccine before testing has shown it’s both safe and effective. Decades of history show why they’re right.
疫苗專家警告聯邦政府,在新冠病毒疫苗的測試證明安全有效之前,不要倉促推出。數十年的歷史可以表明他們為何是正確的。
FDA signals vaccine could green light early
【FDA暗示疫苗可能提前獲批 [此章的英文原文省略]】
當FDA局長史蒂文·哈恩博士告訴《金融時報》時,如果有足夠強有力的證據表明新冠疫苗能夠保護人們,那麼即使後期臨床試驗尚未完成,該機構也可能授予新冠疫苗緊急使用授權(EUA),這加劇了人們對FDA行動過快的擔憂。
當沒有其他充分或已獲批准的替代方案時,專員有權允許在緊急情況下使用未經批准的醫療產品。緊急使用授權(EUA)不等於全面批准,並且可以撤銷。
羥氯奎和氯奎就是這種情況。3月28日,FDA授予這兩種藥物緊急使用授權,當時川普總統對它們讚不絕口。但隨後在6月份,FDA撤銷了授權,因為研究顯示它們無效,而且可能會導致嚴重的心臟問題。
Vaccine approval
【疫苗批准】
For a vaccine to be FDA approved, scientists must gather enough data through clinical trials in large numbers of volunteers to prove it is safe and effective at protecting people against a disease. Once the data is collected, FDA advisers usually spend months considering it.
疫苗要獲得美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)的批准,科學家必須對大量志願者進行臨床試驗,收集足夠的數據,以證明其安全有效,能夠保護人們免受疾病侵害。資料收集完後,FDA顧問通常會花費數月時間評估。
An EUA is much quicker. Only once before has the FDA given a vaccine this lesser standard approval of an EUA, but it was in an unusual circumstance. Soldiers had sued, claiming a mandatory anthrax vaccine made them sick, and a judge put a hold on the program. The Department of Defense asked for an EUA that then overrode the court ruling in 2005, so it could continue vaccinating military personnel – this time on a voluntary basis.
緊急使用授權(EUA)的核准速度要快得多。 FDA先前僅對一種疫苗授予過一次這種較低標準的EUA批准,但那次情況特殊。士兵提起訴訟,聲稱強制接種的炭疽疫苗導致他們生病,法官隨即下令暫停該計畫。國防部隨後申請了EUA,並在2005年推翻了法院的裁決,從而得以繼續為軍人接種疫苗——這次是自願接種。
Otherwise, vaccines have had to go through the entire clinical trial process and FDA approval process, which can take months or years.
否則,疫苗必須經過整個臨床試驗過程和FDA批准過程,這可能需要數月甚至數年時間。
When the vaccine making process has been rushed, there have been bad outcomes.
疫苗生產過程如果操之過急,就會造成不良後果。
The Cutter incident
【卡特事件】
On April 12, 1955 the government announced the first vaccine to protect kids against polio. Within days, labs had made thousands of lots of the vaccine. Batches made by one company, Cutter Labs, accidentally contained live polio virus and it caused an outbreak.
1955年4月12日,政府宣布了第一種保護兒童免受小兒麻痺侵害的疫苗。幾天之內,各實驗室就生產了數千批疫苗。其中卡特實驗室生產的疫苗批次,意外混入了活的小兒麻痺病毒,導致疫情爆發。
More than 200,000 children got the polio vaccine, but within days the government had to abandon the program.
超過20萬名兒童接種了小兒麻痺疫苗,但幾天內,政府就不得不放棄該計畫。
“Forty thousand kids got polio. Some had low levels, a couple hundred were left with paralysis, and about 10 died,” said Dr. Howard Markel, a pediatrician, distinguished professor, and director of the Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan. The government suspended the vaccination program until it could determine what went wrong.
「四萬名兒童感染了小兒麻痺症。個別兒童病情較輕。數百名兒童癱瘓。約有十名兒童死亡,」密西根大學兒科醫生、傑出教授兼醫學史中心主任霍華德馬克爾博士說。政府暫停了疫苗接種計劃,以便找出問題所在。
Monkey trouble
【猿猴麻煩】
However, increased oversight failed to discover another problem with the polio vaccine.
然而,加強監管並未發現小兒麻痺疫苗的另一個問題。
From 1955 to 1963, between 10% and 30% of polio vaccines were contaminated with simian virus 40 (SV40).
從1955年到1963年,10%到30%的小兒麻痺疫苗被猿猴病毒 40 (SV40) 污染。
“The way they would grow the virus was on monkey tissues. These rhesus macaques were imported from India, tens of thousands of them,” medical anthropologist S. Lochlann Jain said. “They were gang caged and in those conditions, the ones that didn’t die on the journey, many got sick, and the viruses spread quickly,” added Jain, who taught a history of vaccines course at Stanford and is working on a publication about the incident. Scientists wrongly thought the formaldehyde they used would kill the virus. “It was being transferred to millions of Americans,” Jain said.
「他們用猴子組織培養病毒。這些恒河猴是從印度進口的,數量多達數萬隻,」醫學人類學家S·羅克蘭·賈恩說。 「它們被集中在籠子裡,在這種環境下,那些在運輸途中倖存下來的猴子,很多都生病了,病毒迅速傳播開來,」賈恩補充道。他曾在史丹佛大學教授疫苗史課程,目前正在撰寫一篇關於此事的論文。科學家錯誤地認為他們使用的甲醛可以殺死病毒。 「病毒就這樣傳播給了數百萬美國人,」賈恩說。
“Many believe this issue wasn’t adequately pursued,” Jain said. Some studies showed a possible link between the virus and cancer. The US Centers for Disease Control website, however, said most studies are “reassuring” and find no link.
「許多人認為這個問題沒有得到充分調查,」賈恩說。一些研究表明,該病毒與癌症之間可能存在關聯。然而,美國疾病管制與預防中心網站稱,大多數研究結果「令人放心」,並未發現二者之間存在關聯。
No current vaccines contain SV40 virus, the CDC says, and there’s no evidence the contamination harmed anyone.
CDC表示,目前沒有任何疫苗含有SV40病毒,也沒有證據顯示這種污染對任何人造成了傷害。
The epidemic that never was
【從未發生的疫情】
In 1976, scientists predicted a pandemic of a new strain of influenza called swine flu. More than 40 years later, some historians call it “flu epidemic that never was.”
1976年,科學家預測了一種名為豬流感的新型流感病毒會引發全球大流行。 40多年後,一些歷史學家稱之為「從未發生的流感大流行」。
“President Ford was basically told by his advisers, that look, we have a pandemic flu coming called swine flu that may be as bad as Spanish flu,” said Michael Kinch, a professor of radiation oncology in the school of medicine at Washington University in St. Louis. His latest book, “Between Hope and Fear,” explores the history of vaccines.
「福特總統從他的顧問處得知,豬流感的大流行即將到來,其嚴重程度可能與西班牙流感不相上下,」聖路易斯華盛頓大學醫學院放射腫瘤學教授邁克爾·金奇說道。他的最新著作《希望與恐懼之間》探討了疫苗的歷史。
“Ford was being cajoled to put forward a vaccine that was hastily put together. When you have a brand new strain situation like that, they had to do it on the fly,” Kinch said.
「福特總統當時被迫推出一款倉促研製出來的疫苗。面對這種全新的病毒株,他們只能臨時應對,」金奇說。
Ford made the decision to make the immunization compulsory.
福特決定強制推行免疫接種。
The government launched the program in about seven months and 40 million people got vaccinated against swine flu, according to the CDC. That vaccination campaign was later linked to cases of a neurological disorder called Guillain-Barre syndrome, which can develop after an infection or, rarely, after vaccination with a live vaccine.
據美CDC稱,政府在大約七個月內啟動了這項計劃,共有4000萬人接種了豬流感疫苗。後來,這項疫苗接種活動與一種名為格林-巴利綜合症的神經系統疾病病例有關,這種疾病可能在感染後發生,或者在極少數情況下,在接種活疫苗後發生。
“Unfortunately, due to that vaccine, and the fact that it was done so hastily, there were a few hundred cases of Guillain-Barre, although it’s not definitive that they were linked,” Kinch said.
「不幸的是,由於疫苗的研發和研發的倉促,出現了數百例格林-巴利綜合症病例,儘管尚不能確定這些病例與疫苗有關,」金奇說。
The CDC said the increased risk was about 1 additional case of Gullain-Barre for every 100,000 people who got the swine flu vaccine. Due to this small association, the government stopped the program to investigate.
美國疾病管制與預防中心表示,接種豬流感疫苗後,每10萬名接種者中約有1例格林-巴利症候群病例增加。由於這種關聯性較小,政府暫停了該項目進行調查。
“It was kind of a fiasco,” Markel said. “The good news is that there never was an epidemic of swine flu. So we were safe, but that shows you what could happen.”
「那簡直是一場災難,」馬克爾說。 「好消息是,豬流感疫情最終沒有爆發。所以我們很安全,但這說明可能會發生什麼。」
Growing distrust in the US
【美國日益增長的不信任感 [此章的英文原文省略]】
人們對疫苗產生的不信任感,經歷了數起事件才形成。即使在1955年第一劑小兒麻痺疫苗導致數千名兒童患病後,當疫苗接種計劃重新啟動時,家長們仍然讓自己的孩子接種疫苗。他們對每年導致13,000至20,000名兒童癱瘓的疫情記憶猶新。有些癱瘓程度非常嚴重,甚至無法自主呼吸,需要依靠一種叫做「鐵肺」的機器輔助呼吸。
「家長們催促自己的孩子排在接種小兒麻痺疫苗的最前面,因為他們多年來每年夏天都目睹了疫情爆發,看到孩子們插著鐵肺,他們感到非常害怕,」馬克爾說。
馬克爾表示,民眾的態度在1955年至1976年的豬流感疫苗接種計畫期間開始改變。
「民權運動期間,人們在電視上看到警察對民眾拳打腳踢;越戰期間,人們開始對殺戮感到厭惡;水門事件期間,總統公然撒謊,」馬克爾說。 「這些事件導致人們對政府產生了真正的不信任,這種不信任甚至蔓延到了醫生和科學家身上。而且,隨著時間的推移,不信任感只會愈演愈烈。」
A ‘colossally stupid’ move
【「極度愚蠢」的舉動】
Markel said people’s mistrust of the system makes the idea that the FDA would rush this process before late stage clinical trials are complete “colossally stupid.”
馬克爾表示,人們對該體系的不信任,使得認為FDA會在後期臨床試驗完成前,倉促推進這一進程的想法 「極其愚蠢」。
“This is one of the most ridiculous things I’ve heard this administration say,” Markel said. “All it takes is one bad side effect to basically botch a vaccine program that we desperately need against this virus. It’s a prescription for disaster.”
「這是我聽過本屆政府發表的最荒謬的言論之一,」馬克爾說。 「只需一個不良副作用,就足以徹底搞砸我們急需的疫苗計劃。這簡直是自取滅亡。”」
FDA Commissioner Hahn said that the vaccine decision will be based on data, not politics, but Kinch shares Markel’s concern.
FDA局長哈恩表示,疫苗的決定將基於數據,而不是政治,但金奇也和馬克爾一樣對此表示擔憂。
“This could do substantial damage,” Kinch said. Kinch, who is a patient in one of the vaccine trials himself, said the clinical trial process needs to be followed to the end. A too-early EUA for a vaccine could cause a “nightmare scenario,” for a few reasons.
「這可能會造成重大損害,」金奇說。金奇本人也是疫苗試驗的參與者之一,他表示臨床試驗流程必須完整進行。過早授予疫苗緊急使用授權(EUA)可能會引發「噩夢般的局面」,原因有以下幾點。
One, the vaccine may not be safe. Two, if it is not safe, people will lose faith in vaccines. Three, if a vaccine doesn’t offer complete protection, people will have a false sense of security and increase their risk. Four, if a substandard vaccine gets an EUA, a better vaccine may never get approval, because people would be reluctant to enroll in trials and risk getting a placebo instead of a vaccine.
第一,疫苗可能不安全。第二,如果疫苗不安全,人們會對疫苗失去信心。第三,如果疫苗無法提供完全保護,人們會產生虛假的安全感,增加感染風險。第四,如果一種不合格的疫苗獲得了緊急使用授權,那麼更好的疫苗可能永遠無法獲得批准,因為人們會不願意參加試驗,冒著接種安慰劑而非疫苗的風險。
“People are going to die unnecessarily if we take chances with this,” Kinch said. “We’ve got to get this right.”
「如果我們在這件事上冒險,將會有人喪命,」金奇說。 「我們必須把此事做對。」
CNN Health’s Jamie Gumbrecht contributed to this story
原文鏈接:https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/01/health/eua-coronavirus-vaccine-history/index.html
By Jen Christensen, CNN
珍‧克里斯滕森,CNN
Updated 11:34 AM EDT, Tue September 1, 2020
(CNN) — Vaccine experts are warning the federal government against rushing out a coronavirus vaccine before testing has shown it’s both safe and effective. Decades of history show why they’re right.
疫苗專家警告聯邦政府,在新冠病毒疫苗的測試證明安全有效之前,不要倉促推出。數十年的歷史可以表明他們為何是正確的。
FDA signals vaccine could green light early
【FDA暗示疫苗可能提前獲批 [此章的英文原文省略]】
當FDA局長史蒂文·哈恩博士告訴《金融時報》時,如果有足夠強有力的證據表明新冠疫苗能夠保護人們,那麼即使後期臨床試驗尚未完成,該機構也可能授予新冠疫苗緊急使用授權(EUA),這加劇了人們對FDA行動過快的擔憂。
當沒有其他充分或已獲批准的替代方案時,專員有權允許在緊急情況下使用未經批准的醫療產品。緊急使用授權(EUA)不等於全面批准,並且可以撤銷。
羥氯奎和氯奎就是這種情況。3月28日,FDA授予這兩種藥物緊急使用授權,當時川普總統對它們讚不絕口。但隨後在6月份,FDA撤銷了授權,因為研究顯示它們無效,而且可能會導致嚴重的心臟問題。
Vaccine approval
【疫苗批准】
For a vaccine to be FDA approved, scientists must gather enough data through clinical trials in large numbers of volunteers to prove it is safe and effective at protecting people against a disease. Once the data is collected, FDA advisers usually spend months considering it.
疫苗要獲得美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)的批准,科學家必須對大量志願者進行臨床試驗,收集足夠的數據,以證明其安全有效,能夠保護人們免受疾病侵害。資料收集完後,FDA顧問通常會花費數月時間評估。
An EUA is much quicker. Only once before has the FDA given a vaccine this lesser standard approval of an EUA, but it was in an unusual circumstance. Soldiers had sued, claiming a mandatory anthrax vaccine made them sick, and a judge put a hold on the program. The Department of Defense asked for an EUA that then overrode the court ruling in 2005, so it could continue vaccinating military personnel – this time on a voluntary basis.
緊急使用授權(EUA)的核准速度要快得多。 FDA先前僅對一種疫苗授予過一次這種較低標準的EUA批准,但那次情況特殊。士兵提起訴訟,聲稱強制接種的炭疽疫苗導致他們生病,法官隨即下令暫停該計畫。國防部隨後申請了EUA,並在2005年推翻了法院的裁決,從而得以繼續為軍人接種疫苗——這次是自願接種。
Otherwise, vaccines have had to go through the entire clinical trial process and FDA approval process, which can take months or years.
否則,疫苗必須經過整個臨床試驗過程和FDA批准過程,這可能需要數月甚至數年時間。
When the vaccine making process has been rushed, there have been bad outcomes.
疫苗生產過程如果操之過急,就會造成不良後果。
The Cutter incident
【卡特事件】
On April 12, 1955 the government announced the first vaccine to protect kids against polio. Within days, labs had made thousands of lots of the vaccine. Batches made by one company, Cutter Labs, accidentally contained live polio virus and it caused an outbreak.
1955年4月12日,政府宣布了第一種保護兒童免受小兒麻痺侵害的疫苗。幾天之內,各實驗室就生產了數千批疫苗。其中卡特實驗室生產的疫苗批次,意外混入了活的小兒麻痺病毒,導致疫情爆發。
More than 200,000 children got the polio vaccine, but within days the government had to abandon the program.
超過20萬名兒童接種了小兒麻痺疫苗,但幾天內,政府就不得不放棄該計畫。
“Forty thousand kids got polio. Some had low levels, a couple hundred were left with paralysis, and about 10 died,” said Dr. Howard Markel, a pediatrician, distinguished professor, and director of the Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan. The government suspended the vaccination program until it could determine what went wrong.
「四萬名兒童感染了小兒麻痺症。個別兒童病情較輕。數百名兒童癱瘓。約有十名兒童死亡,」密西根大學兒科醫生、傑出教授兼醫學史中心主任霍華德馬克爾博士說。政府暫停了疫苗接種計劃,以便找出問題所在。
Monkey trouble
【猿猴麻煩】
However, increased oversight failed to discover another problem with the polio vaccine.
然而,加強監管並未發現小兒麻痺疫苗的另一個問題。
From 1955 to 1963, between 10% and 30% of polio vaccines were contaminated with simian virus 40 (SV40).
從1955年到1963年,10%到30%的小兒麻痺疫苗被猿猴病毒 40 (SV40) 污染。
“The way they would grow the virus was on monkey tissues. These rhesus macaques were imported from India, tens of thousands of them,” medical anthropologist S. Lochlann Jain said. “They were gang caged and in those conditions, the ones that didn’t die on the journey, many got sick, and the viruses spread quickly,” added Jain, who taught a history of vaccines course at Stanford and is working on a publication about the incident. Scientists wrongly thought the formaldehyde they used would kill the virus. “It was being transferred to millions of Americans,” Jain said.
「他們用猴子組織培養病毒。這些恒河猴是從印度進口的,數量多達數萬隻,」醫學人類學家S·羅克蘭·賈恩說。 「它們被集中在籠子裡,在這種環境下,那些在運輸途中倖存下來的猴子,很多都生病了,病毒迅速傳播開來,」賈恩補充道。他曾在史丹佛大學教授疫苗史課程,目前正在撰寫一篇關於此事的論文。科學家錯誤地認為他們使用的甲醛可以殺死病毒。 「病毒就這樣傳播給了數百萬美國人,」賈恩說。
“Many believe this issue wasn’t adequately pursued,” Jain said. Some studies showed a possible link between the virus and cancer. The US Centers for Disease Control website, however, said most studies are “reassuring” and find no link.
「許多人認為這個問題沒有得到充分調查,」賈恩說。一些研究表明,該病毒與癌症之間可能存在關聯。然而,美國疾病管制與預防中心網站稱,大多數研究結果「令人放心」,並未發現二者之間存在關聯。
No current vaccines contain SV40 virus, the CDC says, and there’s no evidence the contamination harmed anyone.
CDC表示,目前沒有任何疫苗含有SV40病毒,也沒有證據顯示這種污染對任何人造成了傷害。
The epidemic that never was
【從未發生的疫情】
In 1976, scientists predicted a pandemic of a new strain of influenza called swine flu. More than 40 years later, some historians call it “flu epidemic that never was.”
1976年,科學家預測了一種名為豬流感的新型流感病毒會引發全球大流行。 40多年後,一些歷史學家稱之為「從未發生的流感大流行」。
“President Ford was basically told by his advisers, that look, we have a pandemic flu coming called swine flu that may be as bad as Spanish flu,” said Michael Kinch, a professor of radiation oncology in the school of medicine at Washington University in St. Louis. His latest book, “Between Hope and Fear,” explores the history of vaccines.
「福特總統從他的顧問處得知,豬流感的大流行即將到來,其嚴重程度可能與西班牙流感不相上下,」聖路易斯華盛頓大學醫學院放射腫瘤學教授邁克爾·金奇說道。他的最新著作《希望與恐懼之間》探討了疫苗的歷史。
“Ford was being cajoled to put forward a vaccine that was hastily put together. When you have a brand new strain situation like that, they had to do it on the fly,” Kinch said.
「福特總統當時被迫推出一款倉促研製出來的疫苗。面對這種全新的病毒株,他們只能臨時應對,」金奇說。
Ford made the decision to make the immunization compulsory.
福特決定強制推行免疫接種。
The government launched the program in about seven months and 40 million people got vaccinated against swine flu, according to the CDC. That vaccination campaign was later linked to cases of a neurological disorder called Guillain-Barre syndrome, which can develop after an infection or, rarely, after vaccination with a live vaccine.
據美CDC稱,政府在大約七個月內啟動了這項計劃,共有4000萬人接種了豬流感疫苗。後來,這項疫苗接種活動與一種名為格林-巴利綜合症的神經系統疾病病例有關,這種疾病可能在感染後發生,或者在極少數情況下,在接種活疫苗後發生。
“Unfortunately, due to that vaccine, and the fact that it was done so hastily, there were a few hundred cases of Guillain-Barre, although it’s not definitive that they were linked,” Kinch said.
「不幸的是,由於疫苗的研發和研發的倉促,出現了數百例格林-巴利綜合症病例,儘管尚不能確定這些病例與疫苗有關,」金奇說。
The CDC said the increased risk was about 1 additional case of Gullain-Barre for every 100,000 people who got the swine flu vaccine. Due to this small association, the government stopped the program to investigate.
美國疾病管制與預防中心表示,接種豬流感疫苗後,每10萬名接種者中約有1例格林-巴利症候群病例增加。由於這種關聯性較小,政府暫停了該項目進行調查。
“It was kind of a fiasco,” Markel said. “The good news is that there never was an epidemic of swine flu. So we were safe, but that shows you what could happen.”
「那簡直是一場災難,」馬克爾說。 「好消息是,豬流感疫情最終沒有爆發。所以我們很安全,但這說明可能會發生什麼。」
Growing distrust in the US
【美國日益增長的不信任感 [此章的英文原文省略]】
人們對疫苗產生的不信任感,經歷了數起事件才形成。即使在1955年第一劑小兒麻痺疫苗導致數千名兒童患病後,當疫苗接種計劃重新啟動時,家長們仍然讓自己的孩子接種疫苗。他們對每年導致13,000至20,000名兒童癱瘓的疫情記憶猶新。有些癱瘓程度非常嚴重,甚至無法自主呼吸,需要依靠一種叫做「鐵肺」的機器輔助呼吸。
「家長們催促自己的孩子排在接種小兒麻痺疫苗的最前面,因為他們多年來每年夏天都目睹了疫情爆發,看到孩子們插著鐵肺,他們感到非常害怕,」馬克爾說。
馬克爾表示,民眾的態度在1955年至1976年的豬流感疫苗接種計畫期間開始改變。
「民權運動期間,人們在電視上看到警察對民眾拳打腳踢;越戰期間,人們開始對殺戮感到厭惡;水門事件期間,總統公然撒謊,」馬克爾說。 「這些事件導致人們對政府產生了真正的不信任,這種不信任甚至蔓延到了醫生和科學家身上。而且,隨著時間的推移,不信任感只會愈演愈烈。」
A ‘colossally stupid’ move
【「極度愚蠢」的舉動】
Markel said people’s mistrust of the system makes the idea that the FDA would rush this process before late stage clinical trials are complete “colossally stupid.”
馬克爾表示,人們對該體系的不信任,使得認為FDA會在後期臨床試驗完成前,倉促推進這一進程的想法 「極其愚蠢」。
“This is one of the most ridiculous things I’ve heard this administration say,” Markel said. “All it takes is one bad side effect to basically botch a vaccine program that we desperately need against this virus. It’s a prescription for disaster.”
「這是我聽過本屆政府發表的最荒謬的言論之一,」馬克爾說。 「只需一個不良副作用,就足以徹底搞砸我們急需的疫苗計劃。這簡直是自取滅亡。”」
FDA Commissioner Hahn said that the vaccine decision will be based on data, not politics, but Kinch shares Markel’s concern.
FDA局長哈恩表示,疫苗的決定將基於數據,而不是政治,但金奇也和馬克爾一樣對此表示擔憂。
“This could do substantial damage,” Kinch said. Kinch, who is a patient in one of the vaccine trials himself, said the clinical trial process needs to be followed to the end. A too-early EUA for a vaccine could cause a “nightmare scenario,” for a few reasons.
「這可能會造成重大損害,」金奇說。金奇本人也是疫苗試驗的參與者之一,他表示臨床試驗流程必須完整進行。過早授予疫苗緊急使用授權(EUA)可能會引發「噩夢般的局面」,原因有以下幾點。
One, the vaccine may not be safe. Two, if it is not safe, people will lose faith in vaccines. Three, if a vaccine doesn’t offer complete protection, people will have a false sense of security and increase their risk. Four, if a substandard vaccine gets an EUA, a better vaccine may never get approval, because people would be reluctant to enroll in trials and risk getting a placebo instead of a vaccine.
第一,疫苗可能不安全。第二,如果疫苗不安全,人們會對疫苗失去信心。第三,如果疫苗無法提供完全保護,人們會產生虛假的安全感,增加感染風險。第四,如果一種不合格的疫苗獲得了緊急使用授權,那麼更好的疫苗可能永遠無法獲得批准,因為人們會不願意參加試驗,冒著接種安慰劑而非疫苗的風險。
“People are going to die unnecessarily if we take chances with this,” Kinch said. “We’ve got to get this right.”
「如果我們在這件事上冒險,將會有人喪命,」金奇說。 「我們必須把此事做對。」
CNN Health’s Jamie Gumbrecht contributed to this story
回复: 消費者報告》蛋白粉和蛋白奶昔含有超標含量的鉛
嗯,我的地中海烹飪也是從台灣老師那裡學到的最多,真的很受益:Books西式料理食譜
確實,大部分現代人缺肌酸。我小人家此前就被發現肌酸不足,導致怎麼練肌肉都不長。後來,補上肌酸後,肌肉就長起來了(還有腦霧和腦疲憊也基本沒有了)。
還有,很多高學歷人士因為用腦過多,所以患有粒線體過勞老化,需要補充輔酶Q10。通常來講,粒線體老化,先有的症狀是睡眠時間長、睡醒後仍然感到疲憊[1]。這種情況,可以嘗試補充輔酶Q10,看看有無改善。(如果有改善的話,那就說明主要依靠肝臟功能的、人體自身的甲羥戊酸途徑[mevalonate pathway]已經不能合成足夠多的CoQ10供給粒線體,需要有意識地補充了。)
輔酶Q10,通常市售的非處方藥有三種形式:泛醌(ubiquinone)、泛醇(ubiquinol)、米托蒽醌甲磺酸鹽(mitoquinone mesylate; MitoQ)。最後這個MitoQ,目前市售品牌的價格都太高。泛醌版Q10很便宜。不過,我發現它藥效微弱。貴一些的泛醇版Q10,我發現它藥效較強,其吸收率也更可靠;因此我比較喜歡。
Bruce博士在講補劑的影片中,將輔酶Q10放在了「神級」,比他對所有其他補劑的評價都高:
https://youtu.be/tJrSHZQel80?t=237
確實,大部分現代人缺肌酸。我小人家此前就被發現肌酸不足,導致怎麼練肌肉都不長。後來,補上肌酸後,肌肉就長起來了(還有腦霧和腦疲憊也基本沒有了)。
還有,很多高學歷人士因為用腦過多,所以患有粒線體過勞老化,需要補充輔酶Q10。通常來講,粒線體老化,先有的症狀是睡眠時間長、睡醒後仍然感到疲憊[1]。這種情況,可以嘗試補充輔酶Q10,看看有無改善。(如果有改善的話,那就說明主要依靠肝臟功能的、人體自身的甲羥戊酸途徑[mevalonate pathway]已經不能合成足夠多的CoQ10供給粒線體,需要有意識地補充了。)
輔酶Q10,通常市售的非處方藥有三種形式:泛醌(ubiquinone)、泛醇(ubiquinol)、米托蒽醌甲磺酸鹽(mitoquinone mesylate; MitoQ)。最後這個MitoQ,目前市售品牌的價格都太高。泛醌版Q10很便宜。不過,我發現它藥效微弱。貴一些的泛醇版Q10,我發現它藥效較強,其吸收率也更可靠;因此我比較喜歡。
Bruce博士在講補劑的影片中,將輔酶Q10放在了「神級」,比他對所有其他補劑的評價都高:
https://youtu.be/tJrSHZQel80?t=237
主题: 消費者報告》蛋白粉和蛋白奶昔含有超標含量的鉛

原文標題:Protein Powders and Shakes Contain High Levels of Lead
原文鏈接:https://www.consumerreports.org/lead/protein-powders-and-shakes-contain-high-levels-of-lead-a4206364640/
Protein supplements are wildly popular, but CR’s tests of 23 products found that more than two-thirds of them contain more lead in a single serving than our experts say is safe to have in a day
蛋白質營養品雖然非常受歡迎,但是《消費者報告》對23種產品的檢測發現,超過三分之二的蛋白質營養品,其單份的含鉛量就超過了專家建議的每日安全攝取量。
Paris Martineau, Investigative Reporter
帕里斯·馬蒂諾 調查記者
Published October 14, 2025·Updated October 22, 2025
發佈日期:2025年10月14日;更新日期:2025年10月22日
Much has changed since Consumer Reports first tested protein powders and shakes. Over the past 15 years, Americans’ obsession with protein has transformed what had been a niche product into the centerpiece of a multibillion-dollar wellness craze, driving booming supplement sales and spawning a new crop of protein-fortified foods that now saturate supermarket shelves and social media feeds.
自從《消費者報告》首次對蛋白粉和蛋白奶昔進行檢測以來,情況已發生了巨大變化。在過去15年間,美國人對蛋白質的執著已將原本的小眾產品轉變為價值數十億美元的健康熱潮的核心,推動了營養補充劑銷售的蓬勃發展,並催生了一系列新型蛋白質強化食品,如今這些食品充斥著超市貨架和社交媒體。
Yet for all the industry’s growth and rebranding, one thing hasn’t changed: Protein powders still carry troubling levels of toxic heavy metals, according to a new Consumer Reports investigation. Our latest tests of 23 protein powders and ready-to-drink shakes from popular brands found that heavy metal contamination has become even more common among protein products, raising concerns that the risks are growing right alongside the industry itself.
然而,儘管該行業經歷了快速成長和品牌重塑,但有一點始終未變:根據《消費者報告》的最新調查,蛋白粉中仍然含有令人擔憂的重金屬。我們對來自知名品牌的23種蛋白粉和即飲蛋白奶昔進行了最新測試,發現蛋白質產品中重金屬汙染的現象更加普遍,這引發了人們的擔憂:風險正隨著行業本身的增長而加劇。
For more than two-thirds of the products we analyzed, a single serving contained more lead than CR’s food safety experts say is safe to consume in a day—some by more than 10 times.
在我們分析的產品中,超過三分之二的產品,其單份鉛含量就超過了《消費者報告》食品安全專家建議的每日安全攝取量 —— 有些甚至超過10倍以上。
“It’s concerning that these results are even worse than the last time we tested,” said Tunde Akinleye, the CR food safety researcher who led the testing project. This time, in addition to the average level of lead being higher than what we found 15 years ago, there were also fewer products with undetectable amounts of it. The outliers also packed a heavier punch. Naked Nutrition’s Vegan Mass Gainer powder, the product with the highest lead levels, had nearly twice as much lead per serving as the worst product we analyzed in 2010.
「令人擔憂的是,這些結果甚至比我們上次測試的結果還要糟糕,」領導這項測試計畫的《消費者報告》食品安全研究員圖恩德·阿金萊耶(Tunde Akinleye)表示。這次,除了鉛的平均含量高於15年前的檢測結果外,鉛含量低於檢測極限的產品數量也更少。而且,超標產品的鉛含量也較高。 Naked Nutrition的純素增肌粉是鉛含量最高的產品,其每份的鉛含量幾乎是我們2010年分析的最差產品的兩倍。
Nearly all the plant-based products CR tested had elevated lead levels, but some were particularly concerning. Two had so much lead that CR’s experts caution against using them at all. A single serving of these protein powders contained between 1,200 and 1,600 percent of CR’s level of concern for lead, which is 0.5 micrograms per day. Two others had between 400 and 600 percent of that level per daily serving. CR experts recommend limiting these to once a week.
《消費者報告》測試的幾乎所有植物蛋白產品都存在鉛含量超標的情況,其中一些尤其令人擔憂。其中兩款產品的鉛含量過高,《消費者報告》的專家建議完全不要使用。這兩款蛋白粉的單份含量相當於《消費者報告》建議的每日鉛攝取量上限(0.5 微克/天)的1200%至1600%。另有兩款產品的單份含量也達到了每日建議攝取量的400%至600%。《消費者報告》的專家建議每週最多食用一次。
The lead levels in plant-based products were, on average, nine times the amount found in those made with dairy proteins like whey, and twice as great as beef-based ones. Dairy-based protein powders and shakes generally had the lowest amounts of lead, but half of the products we tested still had high enough levels of contamination that CR’s experts advise against daily use.
植物蛋白產品中的鉛含量平均是乳清蛋白等乳製品蛋白產品的九倍,是牛肉蛋白產品的兩倍。乳製品蛋白粉和蛋白奶昔的鉛含量通常最低,但我們測試的產品中仍有一半鉛含量過高,《消費者報告》的專家建議不要每天食用。
There’s no reason to panic if you’ve been using any of the products we tested, or if you take protein supplements generally. Many of these powders are fine to have occasionally, and even those with the highest lead levels are far below the concentration needed to cause immediate harm. That said, because most people don’t actually need protein supplements—nutrition experts say the average American already gets plenty—it makes sense to ask whether these products are worth the added exposure.
如果您正在使用我們測試的任何產品,或者您平時服用蛋白質補充劑,則無需驚慌。許多這類粉末偶爾服用並無大礙,即使是鉛含量最高的,其濃度也遠低於立即造成傷害所需的濃度。話雖如此,由於大多數人實際上並不需要蛋白質補充劑 —— 營養專家表示,普通美國人的蛋白質攝入量已經足夠 —— 因此,我們有必要探討一下,這些產品是否值得我們冒著額外的鉛攝入風險。
Consumers often assume supplements deliver health benefits without risks, says Pieter Cohen, MD, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. “But that’s not true.”
哈佛醫學院醫學副教授皮特·科恩博士表示,消費者常常認為膳食補充劑能帶來健康益處而沒有風險。 「但事實並非如此。」
CR’s experts agree. “For many people, there’s more to lose than you’re gaining,” says Akinleye, who suggests that regular users of protein supplements consider reducing their consumption.
《消費者報告》的專家也認同此一觀點。阿金萊耶說:「對許多人來說,服用膳食補充劑弊大於利。」他建議經常服用蛋白質補充劑的人考慮減少攝取量。
Unlike prescription and over-the-counter drugs, the Food and Drug Administration doesn’t review, approve, or test supplements like protein powders before they are sold. Federal regulations also don’t generally require supplement makers to prove their products are safe, and there are no federal limits for the amount of heavy metals they can contain.
與處方藥和非處方藥不同,美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)不會在蛋白質粉等膳食補充劑上市銷售前進行審查、批准或測試。聯邦法規通常也不要求膳食補充劑生產商證明其產品的安全性,並且對補充劑中重金屬的含量也沒有聯邦限制。
While no amount of lead is technically safe, the greatest danger comes from repeated or continuous exposure, particularly at high doses, says Rose Goldman, MD, an associate professor of medicine and physician at Cambridge Health Alliance in Medford, Mass. Children and pregnant people are most vulnerable because lead can damage the developing brain and nervous system, which has the potential to cause neurological issues, learning delays, and behavioral problems. But chronic lead exposure has also been linked to immune suppression, reproductive problems, kidney damage, and high blood pressure in adults.
馬薩諸塞州梅德福市劍橋健康聯盟的醫學副教授兼醫生羅斯·戈德曼醫學博士表示,雖然從技術上講,任何劑量的鉛都是不安全的,但最大的危險來自反覆或持續攝入鉛,尤其是在高劑量的情況下。兒童和孕婦最容易受到鉛的傷害,因為鉛會損害正在發育的大腦和神經系統,這可能導致神經系統問題、學習遲緩、和行為問題。此外,長期攝入鉛也與成人免疫抑制、生殖問題、腎臟損傷、和高血壓有關。
[……]






[……]
How Heavy Metals Get Into Protein Powder
【蛋白粉中重金屬的來源】
Although there were some exceptions, products made with plant-based proteins generally tested higher for lead than those using meat- or dairy-based sources. All the plant-based powders CR tested relied on pea protein as a main ingredient. Though soy remains among the most popular plant-based protein in terms of total crop volume, pea protein has emerged as a popular alternative due to its flavor profile and comparatively low allergenicity, says Priera Panescu Scott, PhD, a senior scientist at the Good Food Institute, a nonprofit focused on protein alternatives.
儘管存在一些例外情況,但通常情況下,植物蛋白粉中的鉛含量高於肉類或乳製品蛋白粉。《消費者報告》測試的所有植物蛋白粉均以豌豆蛋白為主要成分。專注於蛋白質替代品的非營利組織「良好食品研究所」(Good Food Institute)的高級科學家普里埃拉·帕內斯庫·斯科特博士表示,雖然大豆蛋白在總產量方面仍然是最受歡迎的植物蛋白之一,但豌豆蛋白因其風味和相對較低的致敏性而成為一種流行的替代品。
CR’s tests did not determine whether the pea protein itself was a noteworthy source of additional contamination, or if the difference between the groups was due to the natural tendency of all plants to take up lead.
《消費者報告》的測試並未確定豌豆蛋白本身是否是造成額外汙染的重要來源,也未確定各組之間的差異是否是由於所有植物都具有吸收鉛的天然特性所致。
Certain foods have unavoidable trace amounts of lead in them because of the environments where crops are grown and animals are raised. Heavy metal contamination can come from natural sources—because lead naturally exists in the earth’s crust—or from human activity like industrial pollution, wastewater irrigation, or road dust. Plants are particularly susceptible because they naturally absorb whatever nutrients or contaminants are in the soil, water, and air around them. For animal-based products like milk, the primary sources of heavy metal contamination in the cow’s environment include the feed, water, and soil, Akinleye says.
某些食物由於農作物種植和動物飼養環境的限制,不可避免地會含有微量鉛。重金屬汙染可能來自大自然——因為鉛天然存在於地殼中——也可能來自人類活動,例如工業污染、廢水灌溉或道路揚塵。植物尤其容易受到汙染,因為它們會自然吸收周圍土壤、水和空氣中的各種營養物質或汙染物。阿金萊耶表示,對於牛奶等動物性產品而言,乳牛環境中重金屬污染的主要來源包括飼料、水、和土壤。
[……]
Many companies don’t disclose where they source their pea protein, making it hard to know exactly where the products we tested came from. Historically, though, much of the pea protein used in U.S. food production is imported from China, according to data from the U.S. International Trade Commission. That’s notable because while the FDA has the authority to audit foreign supplement makers, it rarely does.
許多公司不公開其豌豆蛋白的來源,因此很難確定我們測試的產品的特定產地。不過,根據美國國際貿易委員會的數據,歷史上美國食品生產中使用的豌豆蛋白大部分都來自中國。值得注意的是,儘管美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)有權審核外國膳食補充劑生產商,但它很少這樣做。
[……]
回复: 簡中影片》聊政事兒:武統台灣《澎湖海戰》被小粉紅罵爆
沒辦法,1949年前後,中華民國的殘兵敗將進入台灣,台灣也是一幫統派人士夾道歡迎。而當時,台灣的少數獨派人士基本上是紅色的,因此就橫渡海峽跑到福建去投靠中共了。
八炯和閩南狼影片裡面那個在福建統戰部做官的台灣人,就是當年渡海投共的反蔣反國民黨人士。
八炯和閩南狼影片裡面那個在福建統戰部做官的台灣人,就是當年渡海投共的反蔣反國民黨人士。
回复: 唉,没法给太君带路了😭
通常來說,理工類專業的技術移民裡面粉紅比例最高。外語類專業的各種移民和投資移民裡面粉紅的比例比較低。
當然,您老把敵僑敵特全都屠個齊齊整整窩也不反對。甄別也不必太精確、太費時,連窩這種蛇鼠一窩匪幹家庭出生的敗類也可以照屠。反正屠支這種事情,每誤殺一個反共人士,同時也消殺了一百個親共人士。這樣的交換比,任何理智的盟軍軍官都會欣喜笑納。
當然,您老把敵僑敵特全都屠個齊齊整整窩也不反對。甄別也不必太精確、太費時,連窩這種蛇鼠一窩匪幹家庭出生的敗類也可以照屠。反正屠支這種事情,每誤殺一個反共人士,同時也消殺了一百個親共人士。這樣的交換比,任何理智的盟軍軍官都會欣喜笑納。
回复: 日本人开始抵制中国大米
從這篇論文裡面可以看出,中國大米不僅鉻超標,而且還普遍存在鉛超標、汞超標、砷超標。
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095671351000277X
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095671351000277X
回复: 在坑人和抠门加抠屄这方面,母狗国女远胜整个东南亚
女裝不再使用天然的棉布、羊毛、真絲綢(mulberry silk),而是通通改用廉價、劣質、保暖性差、透氣性差的化學纖維,也不知道是什麼時代開始的事。
回复: 如何最小成本高效摧毁监控
中國產激光筆的功率可能不夠。激光筆的功率最少要5mW左右,才有可能損壞攝像頭。西方那種1,000mW~3,000MW(1W~3W)的高能激光筆,適合可靠而高效地摧毀監控。
回复: 我破防了,我怎么把时间浪费到了这么个畜生身上,原来嘲笑这么久的爱支病就是我自己
日本的大城市社會太殘酷了,唯有鄉下還有點人情味。
為數不少的大城市日本青年,因其條件差,連爆金幣、供養女生的機會都沒有。甚至很多妓女對他們的態度都很惡劣。這個確實是日本戰敗以後,舊派閥被美國削弱,大量原子人流入大城市、做廉價勞動力的惡果。
為數不少的大城市日本青年,因其條件差,連爆金幣、供養女生的機會都沒有。甚至很多妓女對他們的態度都很惡劣。這個確實是日本戰敗以後,舊派閥被美國削弱,大量原子人流入大城市、做廉價勞動力的惡果。
回复: 浪友,提升性知識
歐美基督教菁英階級看待問題的方式,與東亞文化的方式有不同的邏輯。他們認為,把任何一件事做好,關鍵不是什麼儒家的拜師呀仔細呀、佛家的早起呀心靜呀,而是對這件事本身的興趣、喜歡、愛。
據我小瞭解,這種菁英階級,非常注重培養年輕男女對性生活這件事本身的愛。比如說,必須要給配偶良好的肉體體驗、精神滿足,甚至還有旅遊度假帶來的非凡感受等等,因為這些婚內的愉悅本身就是敬神。
因此,就我小認識的清教徒菁英而言,他們多是選到門當戶對、篤信虔誠的配偶,結婚以後,才開始漸漸地學會做愛。與中世紀歐洲貴族夫妻間做愛有性愛顧問指導一樣,他們結婚後,也請專科的醫學博士做私人的性愛顧問,每週學一點。比如說,這週學前戲的正確節奏(即大面積身體接觸應緩而軟),下週學如何在性愛中把老公捧得像世上最厲害的猛男一樣,再下週學如何用舞蹈和遊玩等來營造浪漫的氛圍。
順帶一提,我小發現這些菁英真的很喜歡請顧問。他們做什麼事情都有顧問。而且川普家還特別強調,一定要重金聘請其行業做得最好的人來做老師。這雖然與儒家相似,但是其底層邏輯是,行業中的佼佼者必是對此最有興趣的人,而他的興趣通常能最大地激發其學生的興趣。
據我小瞭解,這種菁英階級,非常注重培養年輕男女對性生活這件事本身的愛。比如說,必須要給配偶良好的肉體體驗、精神滿足,甚至還有旅遊度假帶來的非凡感受等等,因為這些婚內的愉悅本身就是敬神。
因此,就我小認識的清教徒菁英而言,他們多是選到門當戶對、篤信虔誠的配偶,結婚以後,才開始漸漸地學會做愛。與中世紀歐洲貴族夫妻間做愛有性愛顧問指導一樣,他們結婚後,也請專科的醫學博士做私人的性愛顧問,每週學一點。比如說,這週學前戲的正確節奏(即大面積身體接觸應緩而軟),下週學如何在性愛中把老公捧得像世上最厲害的猛男一樣,再下週學如何用舞蹈和遊玩等來營造浪漫的氛圍。
順帶一提,我小發現這些菁英真的很喜歡請顧問。他們做什麼事情都有顧問。而且川普家還特別強調,一定要重金聘請其行業做得最好的人來做老師。這雖然與儒家相似,但是其底層邏輯是,行業中的佼佼者必是對此最有興趣的人,而他的興趣通常能最大地激發其學生的興趣。
主题: 浪友,提升性知識
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQ4P387i31I
這一不到十分鐘的影片中,Alexey Welsh老師講解了性愛前戲的正確方法。影片有英文字幕,可選機器翻譯為中文。其方法要點為,在前戲中,(每次做愛以不同方式、且不斷推陳出新地)使配偶的身體與自己的身體大面積接觸。這種接觸能夠極大地提升安全感,使隨後的性愛帶來愉悅的體驗。
有趣的是,不知是宋明理學和中國佛教真的欠缺性愛知識,還是中共的反家庭暴政使得列寧主義家庭養大的中國人遺忘了性愛前戲這種最基本的生物技能,根據我小人家的瞭解,絕大多數中國人真的不知道什麼是正確的性愛前戲。因此,現今很多中國人,即使是配偶和熱戀的情人之間做愛,還沒有大面積的身體接觸就姦入體內,真的就像土匪強姦地主家的小妾一樣,既可笑又可悲。
這一不到十分鐘的影片中,Alexey Welsh老師講解了性愛前戲的正確方法。影片有英文字幕,可選機器翻譯為中文。其方法要點為,在前戲中,(每次做愛以不同方式、且不斷推陳出新地)使配偶的身體與自己的身體大面積接觸。這種接觸能夠極大地提升安全感,使隨後的性愛帶來愉悅的體驗。
有趣的是,不知是宋明理學和中國佛教真的欠缺性愛知識,還是中共的反家庭暴政使得列寧主義家庭養大的中國人遺忘了性愛前戲這種最基本的生物技能,根據我小人家的瞭解,絕大多數中國人真的不知道什麼是正確的性愛前戲。因此,現今很多中國人,即使是配偶和熱戀的情人之間做愛,還沒有大面積的身體接觸就姦入體內,真的就像土匪強姦地主家的小妾一樣,既可笑又可悲。
回复: 『加州大學聖地牙哥分校(UCSD)的「數學2」課程,正在教大一新生小學至國中程度(1到8年級)的數學。以下摘自該校官方報告第49頁:
本做題蛆給您簡單算一下。您老改改卷,看看浪友的文化有沒達到小學程度?
1. 7+2-6 = 3
2. 9+9 = 18
3. 66+44 = 110
4. 13-8 = 5
14. 374518 ≈ 3.745×10^5 (or 3745×100)
15. 13/16/2 = 0.40625
16. (a)6+2/3 = 20/3; (b)4+2/3 = 14/3; Thus 20/3+14/3 = 34/3 = 11+1/3
17. 3/4-1/3 = 9/12-4/12 = 5/12
27. => 10-8+12x=0
=> 2+12x=0
=> 12x=-2
=> x=-1/6
28. ..= (16+16)/(-6+4 )= 32/-2 = -16
29. ..= s^2+2s+1
30. ..= -2×9-2/3 = -18-2/3 = -54/3-2/3 = -56/3
1. 7+2-6 = 3
2. 9+9 = 18
3. 66+44 = 110
4. 13-8 = 5
14. 374518 ≈ 3.745×10^5 (or 3745×100)
15. 13/16/2 = 0.40625
16. (a)6+2/3 = 20/3; (b)4+2/3 = 14/3; Thus 20/3+14/3 = 34/3 = 11+1/3
17. 3/4-1/3 = 9/12-4/12 = 5/12
27. => 10-8+12x=0
=> 2+12x=0
=> 12x=-2
=> x=-1/6
28. ..= (16+16)/(-6+4 )= 32/-2 = -16
29. ..= s^2+2s+1
30. ..= -2×9-2/3 = -18-2/3 = -54/3-2/3 = -56/3
回复: 『加州大學聖地牙哥分校(UCSD)的「數學2」課程,正在教大一新生小學至國中程度(1到8年級)的數學。以下摘自該校官方報告第49頁:
而且公立大學的階梯教室上課法特別死媽。一位教授教超過一百個學生,一點有意義的學術互動都沒有,還不如看YouTube或者自己買影片課程學。
相比之下,私立大學的小班教學真的好太多。教授、講師也很用心。學生能學到的知識和智慧遠超自己看影片或者在讀書館讀教材能學到的(如果是中國人的話,那就是遠超自己看廉價盜版教材了吧)。
相比之下,私立大學的小班教學真的好太多。教授、講師也很用心。學生能學到的知識和智慧遠超自己看影片或者在讀書館讀教材能學到的(如果是中國人的話,那就是遠超自己看廉價盜版教材了吧)。
回复: 我觉得x支真的是一个非常幽默的称呼
"Tell you what, I have seem some Chinese being this scoundrelous, but I've never met a White person being this scoundrelous until I met Mr XYZ. Can we motivate him to migrate to the People's Republic of China and to never come back? Right now he is already a Chinese among the White people."
回复: 我觉得x支真的是一个非常幽默的称呼
前些年講一個白人的素質、品德差,有"Mister XYZ is truly the Russian of White people." 現在如果講一個白人的素質差,那麼說"Mister XYZ is basically a Chinese among the White people"還更搞笑些。
回复: 福布斯:報告稱,被檢出含鉛的蛋白粉和蛋白奶昔越來越多
加拿大的麥吉爾大學就發過一篇政治不正確的科普文,建議人們,考慮到(尤其是植物性的)蛋白粉的食安風險,改用超細過濾(ultra-filtered)的高蛋白牛奶來獲取身體所需的蛋白質:
https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/student-contributors-health-and-nutrition/high-protein-milk-its-not-just-milk-added-protein-powder
https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/student-contributors-health-and-nutrition/high-protein-milk-its-not-just-milk-added-protein-powder
回复: 标题
支那豬真是弱智。黑死病等等大瘟疫結束後,現代歐洲發明出來的用吸收力強的紙巾擦屁股,目的不是為了把屎100%擦掉,而是為了把肛門附近皮膚的水分完全擦淨。皮膚上殘留有水分,才是各種真菌和細菌感染的源頭。
根據我觀察,英、美菁英階級有非常愛乾淨的,會用日式噴水馬桶把屁屁上的屎完全沖掉,然後用廁紙擦乾,再然後用吹風機把屁屁完全吹乾;也有不那麼注意乾淨的,如廁後會用廁紙基本擦乾淨以後,用濕紙巾擦乾,然後再用廁紙把屁屁上濕紙巾帶來的水分擦去。
支那豬沒有最基本的衛生知識。甚至很多支國的富裕城市中產,都用濕紙巾擦屁股,還以為把屎擦得很乾淨。然後,牠們又不用廁紙擦掉水分。結果,真菌或者黏質沙雷氏菌(serratia marcescens)等病菌感染肛門周圍皮膚。如廁後,牠們還不用足夠多的香皂洗手洗夠二十秒,導致糞口傳播,真是骯髒透了。
根據我觀察,英、美菁英階級有非常愛乾淨的,會用日式噴水馬桶把屁屁上的屎完全沖掉,然後用廁紙擦乾,再然後用吹風機把屁屁完全吹乾;也有不那麼注意乾淨的,如廁後會用廁紙基本擦乾淨以後,用濕紙巾擦乾,然後再用廁紙把屁屁上濕紙巾帶來的水分擦去。
支那豬沒有最基本的衛生知識。甚至很多支國的富裕城市中產,都用濕紙巾擦屁股,還以為把屎擦得很乾淨。然後,牠們又不用廁紙擦掉水分。結果,真菌或者黏質沙雷氏菌(serratia marcescens)等病菌感染肛門周圍皮膚。如廁後,牠們還不用足夠多的香皂洗手洗夠二十秒,導致糞口傳播,真是骯髒透了。
回复: 福布斯:報告稱,被檢出含鉛的蛋白粉和蛋白奶昔越來越多
不善於分辨好歹的浪友,很容易聽信紅色陣營素食主義者的宣傳,去大量服用植物性蛋白粉(或蛋白奶昔),還以為很健康。
因為植物與動物的生理機制不同、絕大多數植物沒有類似動物肝臟或腎臟的重金屬過濾機制,所以如果土壤不干淨、含有重金屬,那麼這些重金屬就會進入植物的根、莖、葉、果實、以及種子當中。
人畢竟不是太陽花,能夠吸收鉛還把鉛作為營養。相反,人很難把鉛代謝出去。如果人攝入的鉛超標,那麼就容易患鉛中毒。
窩小人家粗讀以上報告,建立了更好的姨學格局感和歧視鏈:蛋白質補充劑中的重金屬含量,通常是來自動物的奶的最低,來自動物的肉的次低,而來自植物的最高。希望浪友也將此熟記於心,積極健身,健康飲食,將來在大洪水中大顯身手。
因為植物與動物的生理機制不同、絕大多數植物沒有類似動物肝臟或腎臟的重金屬過濾機制,所以如果土壤不干淨、含有重金屬,那麼這些重金屬就會進入植物的根、莖、葉、果實、以及種子當中。
人畢竟不是太陽花,能夠吸收鉛還把鉛作為營養。相反,人很難把鉛代謝出去。如果人攝入的鉛超標,那麼就容易患鉛中毒。
窩小人家粗讀以上報告,建立了更好的姨學格局感和歧視鏈:蛋白質補充劑中的重金屬含量,通常是來自動物的奶的最低,來自動物的肉的次低,而來自植物的最高。希望浪友也將此熟記於心,積極健身,健康飲食,將來在大洪水中大顯身手。
主题: 福布斯:報告稱,被檢出含鉛的蛋白粉和蛋白奶昔越來越多

原文標題:Lead Is Becoming More Common Among Protein Powders And Shakes, Report Says
原文鏈接:https://www.forbes.com/sites/antoniopequenoiv/2025/10/14/lead-is-becoming-more-common-among-protein-powders-and-shakes-report-says/?
按:本文原文是英文。中文是窩小用谷歌機翻+人工查錯、修訂而生成的。
By Antonio Pequeño IV
作者:安東尼奧·佩克尼奧四世
Published Oct 14, 2025, 05:40pm EDT
發佈於美東時間2025年10月14日下午5:40
TOPLINE
Popular protein powders and shakes contain increasingly more heavy metal contamination, according to tests conducted by Consumer Reports, which found high levels of lead in some popular brands behind the rapidly growing protein market.
【重點】
《消費者報告》的實驗報告(來源)顯示,受歡迎的蛋白粉與蛋白奶昔中,檢出的重金屬含量越來越高。該報告發現,在增長快速的蛋白粉市場中,許多知名品牌的產品鉛含量過高。
KEY FACTS
- Consumer Reports tested 23 popular protein powders and ready-to-drink shakes, finding more than two-thirds of the products had more lead in a single serving than Consumer Reports’ experts have said is safe to consume in one day.
- Some of the products contained 10 times more lead than is safe to consume in a day, according to the report.
- Nearly all the plant-based products tested contained elevated levels of lead, with two having so much lead that Consumer Reports cautions against using them at all.
- Plant-based protein products had, on average, nine times the amount of lead found in dairy proteins such as whey and double the amount as beef-based protein products.
- Dairy-based protein products generally had the lowest lead amounts, “but half of the products we tested still had high enough levels of contamination that CR’s experts advise against daily use,” Consumer Reports noted.
- Tunde Akinleye, the Consumer Reports food safety researcher who led the testing project, said the average lead level is higher than it was 15 years ago and that fewer products had undetectable amounts of lead.
【關鍵事實】
- 《消費者報告》測試了23種受歡迎的蛋白粉和即飲蛋白奶昔,發現超過三分之二的產品,其單份劑量的鉛含量就超過了《消費者報告》專家建議的每日安全攝取量。
- 報告指出,部分產品的含鉛量是每日安全攝取量的10倍。
- 幾乎所有被測試的植物蛋白產品都含有超標的鉛,其中兩款產品的含鉛量過高,《消費者報告》建議消費者完全不要食用。
- 植物蛋白產品的平均含鉛量是乳清蛋白等乳製品的九倍,是牛肉蛋白產品的兩倍。
- 《消費者報告》指出,乳製品蛋白產品的含鉛量通常最低,「但我們測試的其中一半產品仍然含有過高的鉛,因此《消費者報告》的專家建議不要每日食用。」
領導這一測試項目的《消費者報告》食品安全研究員圖恩德·阿金萊耶(Tunde Akinleye)表示,這些產品的平均鉛含量比15年前更高,而且鉛含量低於檢測極限的產品也更少了。
WHAT PRODUCTS HAD THE HIGHEST HIGH LEVELS OF LEAD?
Measured by micrograms, the protein products with the largest concentrations of lead included Naked Nutrition Vegan Mass Gainer (7.7 mcgs), Huel Black Edition, Chocolate (6.31 mcgs), Garden of Life Sport Organic Plant-Based Protein, Vanilla (2.76 mcgs) and Momentous 100% Plant Protein, Chocolate Flavor (2.33 mcgs), according to Consumer Reports. Further data on heavy metals in protein supplements, some of which contained cadmium and inorganic arsenic, can be found here.
【哪些產品的鉛含量最高?】
根據《消費者報告》,以微克為單位測量,鉛含量最高的蛋白質產品包括:
- Naked Nutrition Vegan Mass Gainer(7.7 微克)
- Huel Black Edition 巧克力味蛋白粉(6.31 微克)
- Garden of Life Sport 有機植物蛋白粉(香草味,2.76 微克)
- Momentous 100% 有機植物蛋白粉(香草味,2.76 微克)和
- Momentous 100% 植物蛋白粉(3.3 微克)。
更多關於蛋白質補充劑中重金屬含量的數據(其中一些含有鎘和無機砷)可在此處查看(鏈接)。
BIG NUMBER
About 70%. That is the share of products tested that contained over 120% of Consumer Reports’ level of concern for lead, which is 0.5 micrograms per day.
【重要數據】
約70%。這是受測產品中,鉛含量超標產品的比例。《消費者報告》以安全攝取量的120%(即每日0.5微克)為鉛含量超標。
CRUCIAL QUOTE
“There’s no reason to panic if you’ve been using any of the products we tested, or if you take protein supplements generally,” Consumer Reports said. “Many of these powders are fine to have occasionally, and even those with the highest lead levels are far below the concentration needed to cause immediate harm.” However, Akinyele said for many consumers, “there’s more to lose than you’re gaining,” advising regular protein supplement users to consider reducing their intake.
【關鍵引言】
《消費者報告》表示:「如果您正在服用我們測試的任何產品,或者您總是服用蛋白質補充劑,那麼您仍然無需恐慌。許多此類粉末,偶爾服用是安全的。即使是鉛含量最高的產品,其濃度也遠低於立即造成人體損傷所需的濃度。」然而,圖恩德·阿金萊耶表示,對於許多消費者而言,「您所喪失的比增長的更多」。因此,他建議經常服用蛋白質補充劑的消費者考慮減少這類蛋白產品的攝入量。
KEY BACKGROUND
Protein, which is crucial for building tissue and muscle, has become an increasingly highlighted and added component in many products, being incorporated into breakfast foods, snacks and sodas.
The U.S. protein market has boomed in the last decade, with the number of products claiming to be high in protein quadrupling between 2013 and 2024, according to an estimate cited by The New York Times, which noted the size of the whey protein market alone is estimated at about $5 billion to $10 billion.
The presence of lead and other metals in protein products is not unprecedented.
The Clean Label Project, a nonprofit advocating for transparent food labeling, found in a January report that plant-based powders contained three times more lead than whey-based products.
It also found chocolate-flavored protein powders had four times more lead and up to 110 times more cadmium, a carcinogen, than vanilla-flavored powders.
【關鍵背景】
蛋白質是組建人體組織和肌肉的關鍵成分,如今已成為許多食品中越來越受到重視的添加成分,並被添加到早餐食品、零食、和汽水中。
過去十年,美國蛋白質市場蓬勃發展。根據《紐約時報》引述的估計(來源),從2013年到2024年,標榜高蛋白的食品數量增加了四倍。《時報》指出,光是乳清蛋白市場的規模,就估計在50億至100億美元之間。
蛋白質產品中出現鉛和其他金屬並非史無前例。
倡導食品標籤透明化的非營利組織「乾淨標籤計畫」(Clean Label Project)在1月的報告中發現,植物蛋白粉的鉛含量是乳清蛋白粉的三倍。
報告也發現,巧克力口味蛋白粉的鉛含量是香草味蛋白粉的4倍。而巧克力口味蛋白粉的致癌物鎘的含量則高達香草味蛋白粉的110倍。
FURTHER READING
2024-25 Protein Powder Category Report (Clean Label Project)
Protein Powders and Shakes Contain High Levels of Lead (Consumer Reports)
【延伸閱讀】
2024-2025 年蛋白質粉類別報告(乾淨標籤計畫)
蛋白粉與蛋白奶昔的含鉛量高(消費者報告)
回复:
您可以看下我小前些天分享的東條英機首相在壯行會上祝天皇陛下萬歲的影片。那個影片下方的網友評論裡,涉及到對東條首相的個人評價,正面的評價不少於一半:
比如說:
網友onman_sy: 「万歳するだけで100万近く再生される男」
網友愛國者ですが何か:「世界一勘違いされた人や」
網友КГБ-х2и:「真面目な人が戦犯になるのか.......」
網友ああ-t4v9t:「教科書に真実を載せないのは若者がアメリカを嫌いになるからなんだろうなー」
網友本能に忠実な猿:「たしかこの人すごい真面目で、すごい優秀で、とてもじゃないけど、性格に難はなかった人だったような。ただトップの座という重すぎる役割が合わなかっただけじゃないの?」
比如說:
網友onman_sy: 「万歳するだけで100万近く再生される男」
網友愛國者ですが何か:「世界一勘違いされた人や」
網友КГБ-х2и:「真面目な人が戦犯になるのか.......」
網友ああ-t4v9t:「教科書に真実を載せないのは若者がアメリカを嫌いになるからなんだろうなー」
網友本能に忠実な猿:「たしかこの人すごい真面目で、すごい優秀で、とてもじゃないけど、性格に難はなかった人だったような。ただトップの座という重すぎる役割が合わなかっただけじゃないの?」
回复: 你姨:你们说你们是反共的,那你们知道自己在反对什么吗?
我期待Zohran Mamdani大幹快上,帶領革命覺悟最高的紐約市民跑步進入共產主義。
今天,我還偶然看到一條很哈人的Mamdani市長新聞。加拿大廣播公司已經給他官方定性了:他可能成為美國民主黨的「大救星」("the saviour")—— 來源:Could New York's mayoral front-runner be the saviour of the Democratic Party
今天,我還偶然看到一條很哈人的Mamdani市長新聞。加拿大廣播公司已經給他官方定性了:他可能成為美國民主黨的「大救星」("the saviour")—— 來源:Could New York's mayoral front-runner be the saviour of the Democratic Party



