However, only the time will show soon enough (within the next 5-15 years) if this will happen.

然而，只有時間才能最終證明這一點（未來 5-15 年內）。



“Given that our future minimum will last for at least three solar cycles, which is about 30 years, it is possible, that the lowering of the temperature will not be as deep as during the Maunder minimum. But we will have to examine it in detail. We keep in touch with climatologists from different countries. We plan to work in this direction”, Dr Helen Popova said.

「考慮到未來的太陽活動極小期將持續至少三個太陽週期，也就是大約30年，氣溫的降幅可能不會像經典的蒙德極小期那麼深。但我們必須詳細研究它。我們與不同國家的氣候學家保持聯繫。我們計劃朝這個方向努力」，海倫·波波娃博士說。

The notion that solar activity affects the climate, appeared long ago. It is known, for example, that a change in the total quantity of the electromagnetic radiation by only 1% can result in a noticeable change in the temperature distribution and air flow all over the Earth. Ultraviolet rays cause photochemical effect, which leads to the formation of ozone at the altitude of 30-40 km. The flow of ultraviolet rays increases sharply during chromospheric flares in the Sun. Ozone, which absorbs the Sun’s rays well enough, is being heated and it affects the air currents in the lower layers of the atmosphere and, consequently, the weather. Powerful emission of corpuscles, which can reach the Earth’s surface, arise periodically during the high solar activity. They can move in complex trajectories, causing aurorae, geomagnetic storms and disturbances of radio communication.

太陽活動影響氣候的觀點很早以前就出現了。例如，眾所周知，太陽電磁輻射總量僅發生1%的變化，就會導致整個地球的溫度分佈和氣流發生明顯變化。紫外線引起光化學作用，導致海拔30～40公里處形成臭氧。在太陽色球耀斑期間，紫外線流量急劇增加。臭氧能夠充分吸收太陽光線，因此被加熱，並影響大氣低層的氣流，進而影響天氣。在太陽活動高峰期，會週期性地出現強大的微粒輻射，這些微粒可以到達地球表面。它們可以沿著複雜的軌跡移動，造成極光、地磁暴和無線電通訊干擾。

By increasing the flow of particles in the lower atmospheric layers air flows of meridional direction enhance: warm currents from the south with even greater energy rush in the high latitudes and cold currents, carrying arctic air, penetrate deeper into the south. In addition, the solar activity affects the intensity of fluxes of galactic cosmic rays. The minimum activity streams become more intense, which also affects the chemical processes in the Earth’s atmosphere.

若低層大氣中的粒子流量增加，經向氣流增強：來自南方的暖氣流以更大的能量湧向高緯度地區，而攜帶北極空氣的冷氣流則深入南方。此外，太陽活動也影響銀河宇宙射線通量的強度。最低活動流變得更加強烈，這也影響了地球大氣中的化學過程。

The study of deuterium in the Antarctic showed that there were five global warmings and four Ice Ages for the past 400 thousand years. The increase in the volcanic activity comes after the Ice Age and it leads to the greenhouse gas emissions. The magnetic field of the Sun grows, what means that the flux of cosmic rays decreases, increasing the number of clouds and leading to the warming again. Next comes the reverse process, where the magnetic field of the Sun decreases, the intensity of cosmic ray rises, reducing the clouds and making the atmosphere cool again. This process comes with some delay.

對南極氘的研究表明，過去40萬年間，曾發生過五次全球暖化和四次冰河期。冰河時期之後火山活動增多，導致了溫室氣體排放。太陽磁場增強，這意味著宇宙射線通量減少，從而增加了雲層數量並再次導致變暖。接下來是相反的過程，太陽磁場減弱，宇宙射線強度上升，導致雲層減少，大氣再次變冷。大氣再次變冷的過程會有一些延遲。

Dr Helen Popova responds cautiously, while speaking about the human influence on climate.

海倫·波波娃博士在談到人類對氣候的影響時做出了謹慎的回應。

“There is no strong evidence, that global warming is caused by human activity. The study of deuterium in the Antarctic showed that there were five global warmings and four Ice Ages for the past 400 thousand years. People first appeared on the Earth about 60 thousand years ago. However, even if human activities influence the climate, we can say, that the Sun with the new minimum gives humanity more time or a second chance to reduce their industrial emissions and to prepare, when the Sun will return to normal activity”, Dr Helen Popova summarised.

「沒有有力的證據顯示全球暖化是由人類活動造成的。對南極氘的研究表明，過去40萬年間，曾發生過五次全球暖化和四次冰河期。大約6萬年前，人類首次出現在地球上。然而，即使人類活動影響氣候，我們仍然可以說，未來太陽活動進入一個新的極小期，為人類提供了更多時間和機會來減少工業排放，並為更遠未來的太陽活動恢復正常做好準備」，海倫·波波娃博士說。